Irregular Verbs
This table lists various irregular verbs in English along with their three main forms:
Simple Present: The form of the verb used to describe an action that is currently happening or a general truth.
Simple Past: The form of the verb used to describe an action that was completed in the past.
Past Participle: The form of the verb used with auxiliary verbs (like “has,” “have,” or “had”) to form perfect tenses.
Example Entry:
Simple Present: begin
Simple Past: began
Past Participle: begun
This means:
“I begin my work at 9 AM.” (Simple Present)
“I began my work at 9 AM yesterday.” (Simple Past)
“I have begun my work.” (Past Participle)
Sections of the Table:
The first column lists the simple present form of each verb.
The second column lists the simple past form of the verb.
The third column lists the past participle form of the verb.
Key Points:
Irregular verbs do not follow the regular pattern of adding “-ed” to form the past tense.
Each verb may have unique forms for the past and past participle.
Some verbs have two acceptable forms for their past or past participle, reflecting variations in usage.
Irregular Verbs
| Simple Present | Simple Past | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| arise | arose | arisen |
| be | was/were | been |
| beat | beat | beaten |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bet | bet | bet |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| burst | burst | burst |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shine | shone | shone |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show | showed | shown |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stank | stunk |
| strike | struck | struck |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |
| abide | abode/abided | abode/abided |
| alight | alit/alighted | alit/alighted |
| awake | awoke | awoken |
| bear | bore | borne/born |
| befall | befell | befallen |
| beget | begot/begat | begotten |
| behold | beheld | beheld |
| bereave | bereaved/bereft | bereaved/bereft |
| beseech | besought/beseeched | besought/beseeched |
| beset | beset | beset |
| bespeak | bespoke | bespoken |
| bestrew | bestrewed | bestrewn/bestrewed |
| bestride | bestrode | bestridden |
| betake | betook | betaken |
| bid (farewell) | bade | bidden |
| bid (offer amount) | bid | bid |
| bind | bound | bound |
| breed | bred | bred |
| cleave (split) | clove/cleft/cleaved | cloven/cleft/cleaved |
| cleave (cling) | cleaved/clove | cleaved/cloven |
| cling | clung | clung |
| clothe | clad/clothed | clad/clothed |
| creep | crept | crept |
| crossbreed | crossbred | crossbred |
| daydream | daydreamed/daydreamt | daydreamed/daydreamt |
| disprove | disproved | disproved/disproven |
| dive | dove/dived | dived |
| dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| forego (also forgo) | forewent | foregone |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen |
| foretell | foretold | foretold |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| gainsay | gainsaid | gainsaid |
| grind | ground | ground |
| hand-feed | hand-fed | hand-fed |
| handwrite | handwrote | handwritten |
| heave | hove/heaved | hove/heaved |
| hew | hewed | hewn/hewed |
| inbreed | inbred | inbred |
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid |
| input | input/inputted | input/inputted |
| inset | inset | inset |
| interweave | interwove/interweaved | interwoven/interweaved |
| interwind | interwound | interwound |
| jerry-build | jerry-built | jerry-built |
| kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled |
| knit | knit/knitted | knit/knitted |
| lade | laded | laden/laded |
| leap | leapt/leaped | leapt/leaped |
| learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted |
| misgive | misgave | misgiven |
| mishear | misheard | misheard |
| mislead | misled | misled |
| mislearn | mislearned/mislearnt | mislearned/mislearnt |
| misread | misread | misread |
| misspell | misspelled/misspelt | misspelled/misspelt |
| misspend | misspent | misspent |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood |
| mow | mowed | mown/mowed |
| outbid | outbid | outbid |
| outdo | outdid | outdone |
| outdraw | outdrew | outdrawn |
| outdrink | outdrank | outdrunk |
| outdrive | outdrove | outdriven |
| outfly | outflew | outflown |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown |
| outleap | outleapt/outleaped | outleapt/outleaped |
| outrun | outran | outrun |
| outsell | outsold | outsold |
| outshine | outshone/outshined | outshone/outshined |
| outshoot | outshot | outshot |
| outsing | outsang | outsung |
| outsit | outsat | outsat |
| outsleep | outslept | outslept |
| outsmell | outsmelled/outsmelt | outsmelled/outsmelt |
| outspeak | outspoke | outspoken |
| outspeed | outsped | outsped |
| outspend | outspent | outspent |
| outswear | outswore | outsworn |
| outswim | outswam | outswum |
| outthink | outthought | outthought |
| outthrow | outthrew | outthrown |
| outwrite | outwrote | outwritten |
| overbear | overbore | overborne |
| overbid | overbid | overbid |
| overbreed | overbred | overbred |
| overbuild | overbuilt | overbuilt |
| overbuy | overbought | overbought |
| overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn |
| overdrink | overdrank | overdrunk |
| overeat | overate | overeaten |
| overfeed | overfed | overfed |
| overhang | overhung | overhung |
| overhear | overheard | overheard |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid |
| override | overrode | overridden |
| overrun | overran | overrun |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen |
| oversell | oversold | oversold |
| oversew | oversewed | oversewn/oversewed |
| overshoot | overshot | overshot |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept |
| overspeak | overspoke | overspoken |
| overspend | overspent | overspent |
| overspill | overspilled/overspilt | overspilled/overspilt |
| overspin | overspun | overspun |
| overspread | overspread | overspread |
| overspring | oversprang | oversprung |
| overstand | overstood | overstood |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken |
| overthink | overthought | overthought |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown |
| overwrite | overwrote | overwritten |
| partake | partook | partaken |
| plead | pleaded/pled | pleaded/pled |
| proofread | proofread | proofread |
| quick-freeze | quick-froze | quick-frozen |
| quit | quit/quitted | quit/quitted |
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